Fruits eaten fresh with meals, in salads, sandwiches, juice and guacamole; also used for oil and animal feed from rejects.
Pollination
insect
Origin / where it grows
Avocado (parachichi) is widely grown in cool to warm mid-altitude areas of East Africa, especially around homesteads and in commercial orchards.
Weather, soil & spacing
Best temperature
16–26 °C
Rainfall
900–1400 mm/yr
Altitude
1000–2400 m
Best pH
6–6.8
Soil type
Deep, well-drained loam or sandy loam rich in organic matter. Avocado (parachichi) roots need plenty of air and do best where water moves through the profile.
Row spacing
700 cm
Plant spacing
700 cm
Seed rate
kg/ha (check local recommendation)
Nursery days
270
Simple notes for farmers
About the crop:
This crop has a growth habit described as "tree".
You can normally start harvesting about 365 days after planting, depending on care and variety.
Main use:
Farmers mostly grow this crop for fruits eaten fresh with meals, in salads, sandwiches, juice and guacamole; also used for oil and animal feed from rejects..
Pollination:
This crop is mainly pollinated by insect. Keeping flowers healthy and having insects like bees in the field helps improve fruit set and yields.
Where it grows:
Avocado (parachichi) is widely grown in cool to warm mid-altitude areas of East Africa, especially around homesteads and in commercial orchards.
It is grouped under:
Fruits & Nuts.
Best climate:
This crop does well in warm areas where the temperature is usually between
16 and 26 degrees Celsius.
It prefers places that receive around 900 to 1400 millimetres of rain in a year.
It can grow from near sea level up to about 2400 metres above sea level.
Soil:
The crop grows best in slightly acidic to near neutral soils, with a pH of about
6 to 6.8.
It does well in deep, well-drained loam or sandy loam rich in organic matter. avocado (parachichi) roots need plenty of air and do best where water moves through the profile.. Good drainage is important, so avoid waterlogged spots.
Plant spacing:
Plant in rows about 700 centimetres apart, and leave about 700 centimetres between plants in the row.
This gives each plant enough space for roots and canopy to spread.
Seed or planting material:
Use good quality seed or healthy planting material. Follow local extension advice for the exact amount per hectare.
Nursery period:
If you raise seedlings in a nursery, keep them there for about 270 days before transplanting to the main field, when they are strong and healthy.
Farmer guide (mwongozo wa mkulima)
Planting:Plant Avocado (parachichi) at the start of rains. Dig wide holes, mix topsoil with manure and refill partly. Plant the grafted seedling at the same depth as in the nursery bag and keep the graft union above the soil.
Transplanting:Use healthy, grafted seedlings. Remove the polythene carefully, avoid twisting roots and water immediately after planting.
Irrigation:Young trees need regular watering, especially during dry spells. For bearing trees, avoid long drought at flowering and early fruit growth, but do not overwater heavy soils.
Fertigation:With drip, split fertilizer into many small applications. Apply more nitrogen when trees are flushing and more potassium during fruit development. Avoid heavy N just before flowering.
Pest scouting:Inspect trees every 2–3 weeks for fruit flies, thrips, mites and diseases on flowers, young leaves and fruits. Look for scars, spots and rotting areas.
Pruning:Train Avocado (parachichi) to a strong central framework with 3–4 main branches. Remove very low, crossing or broken branches and thin the canopy lightly to let in light and air.
Harvest:Harvest fruits when they reach full size and skin colour typical of the variety. Fruits ripen off the tree after picking. Do not pull roughly; clip or twist gently.
Postharvest:Handle carefully to avoid bruising. Keep fruits in shade, not direct sun. Store on clean crates and avoid piling fruits too high. Cool storage extends shelf life where available.
Nutrient schedule (mbolea kwa hatua)
#
Stage
DAP
Product
Rate
Targets (kg/ha)
Notes
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + small P fertilizer (e.g., DAP 18-46-0)
10 kg/tree manure + 100 g DAP
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Mix manure with topsoil in the planting hole. Keep fertilizer away from the stem and main roots.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
2
Young tree topdress
180
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly fork into the soil.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
NPK 17-17-17 or 10-20-20
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply at the start of rains before main flowering; do not overdo nitrogen.
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
4
Fruit development high K
420
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K NPK
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves fruit size, oil content and shelf life of Avocado (parachichi).
Nutrient requirements
Nutrient
Stage
Amount
Unit
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
25
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
25
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
Field images (picha shambani)
Avocado imported image
Primary
Avocado imported image
Avocado imported image
Name
Country
Maturity
Traits
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Hass
KE
300
Small to medium, darkening skin, high oil content and good keeping quality; common export variety.
Fuerte
KE
280
Pear-shaped green fruit with good flavour; used for fresh local markets.
Local Avocado (parachichi)
KE
280
Larger fruits, variable seed size and taste, widely grown around homesteads.
Stage
Product
Rate (kg/ha)
Notes
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Basal (planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Apply in the planting hole and along the future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
50
Split into 2–3 small doses per year to encourage strong early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
150
Applied each year, often at the start of rains.
Fruit quality
Sulfate of potash (SOP) or high-K blend
80
Given around fruit set to support oil content and firmness.
Name
Type
Symptoms
Management
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
Fruit flies
pest
Stings and small spots on Avocado fruits, leading to rotting and drop before harvest.
Collect and destroy fallen fruits, use bait traps and harvest promptly when fruits are mature.
False codling moth / other fruit borers
pest
Entry holes and tunneling inside fruits, internal rots and early drop.
Field sanitation, removal of infested fruits and use of recommended control products where needed.
Thrips
pest
Scarring and rough patches on fruit skin, especially around the stalk and shoulders; distorted young leaves.
Monitor during flowering and early fruit set and apply selective insecticides or biopesticides if damage is high.
Mites
pest
Brown or bronzed leaves, fine webbing and leaf drop on stressed trees.
Avoid dust, keep trees healthy with adequate water and nutrients and use specific miticides or biopesticides when necess...
Root rot (Phytophthora)
disease
Yellowing leaves, twig dieback, poor growth and root decay; trees may suddenly wilt and die, especially in wet soils.
Plant on well-drained soils, avoid waterlogging and heavy compaction, and use tolerant rootstocks where available.
Anthracnose and stem-end rots
disease
Dark, sunken spots on ripening fruits, often starting at the stem end.
Prune for good airflow, avoid wetting fruits late in the day and use recommended fungicides as needed.
Scab and leaf spots
disease
Rough, corky spots on fruits and lesions on leaves and twigs.
Use tolerant varieties, prune dense canopies and apply fungicides when disease pressure is high.
System
Typical
Min
Max
Notes
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Scattered homestead Avocado (parachichi) trees
5
3
8
Little pruning or fertilizer; 50–150 kg fruit per mature tree is common.
Managed smallholder orchard
12
7
18
Improved varieties, some pruning, manure and fertilizer, basic pest and disease control.
Intensive / export Avocado orchard
20
15
25
High-density planting, drip irrigation, fertigation and well-planned canopy and pest management.
Country
Region
Planting
Harvest
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
KE
Central and Rift Valley Avocado (parachichi) belt
Start of long rains (Mar–Apr) or short rains (Oct–Nov).
Main harvest in the dry months following rains, depending on variety.
KE
Highland smallholder Avocado zones
Early rains on deep, well-drained soils.
Varies with altitude and variety; often once or twice a year.
TZ
Northern and southern highland Avocado areas
Start of main rains.
Dry season following the main rains.
Country
Region
Suitability
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Avocado belt)
High
KE
Upper mid-altitude zones with deep, well-drained soils
High
TZ
Northern and southern highlands
High
UG
Highland and mid-altitude smallholder Avocado zones
