Fresh fruit eaten as a snack, in salads, juices and desserts; also used for drying and processing.
Pollination
insect
Origin / where it grows
Apple (tufaha) is grown in cool highland and upper mid-altitude areas in East Africa where nights are cool and days are mild.
Weather, soil & spacing
Best temperature
12–24 °C
Rainfall
800–1200 mm/yr
Altitude
1500–2800 m
Best pH
6–6.8
Soil type
Deep, well-drained loam or sandy loam with plenty of organic matter. Apple (tufaha) prefers cool, moist but well-aerated soils.
Row spacing
400 cm
Plant spacing
400 cm
Seed rate
kg/ha (check local recommendation)
Nursery days
365
Simple notes for farmers
About the crop:
This crop has a growth habit described as "tree".
You can normally start harvesting about 365 days after planting, depending on care and variety.
Main use:
Farmers mostly grow this crop for fresh fruit eaten as a snack, in salads, juices and desserts; also used for drying and processing..
Pollination:
This crop is mainly pollinated by insect. Keeping flowers healthy and having insects like bees in the field helps improve fruit set and yields.
Where it grows:
Apple (tufaha) is grown in cool highland and upper mid-altitude areas in East Africa where nights are cool and days are mild.
It is grouped under:
Fruits & Nuts.
Best climate:
This crop does well in warm areas where the temperature is usually between
12 and 24 degrees Celsius.
It prefers places that receive around 800 to 1200 millimetres of rain in a year.
It can grow from near sea level up to about 2800 metres above sea level.
Soil:
The crop grows best in slightly acidic to near neutral soils, with a pH of about
6 to 6.8.
It does well in deep, well-drained loam or sandy loam with plenty of organic matter. apple (tufaha) prefers cool, moist but well-aerated soils.. Good drainage is important, so avoid waterlogged spots.
Plant spacing:
Plant in rows about 400 centimetres apart, and leave about 400 centimetres between plants in the row.
This gives each plant enough space for roots and canopy to spread.
Seed or planting material:
Use good quality seed or healthy planting material. Follow local extension advice for the exact amount per hectare.
Nursery period:
If you raise seedlings in a nursery, keep them there for about 365 days before transplanting to the main field, when they are strong and healthy.
Farmer guide (mwongozo wa mkulima)
Planting:Plant Apple (tufaha) at the start of the rains while trees are still resting. Dig wide, deep holes, mix topsoil with manure and some P fertilizer, and plant the grafted tree at the same depth as in the nursery bag. Keep the graft union above the soil.
Transplanting:Use healthy, well-grafted trees. Remove the polythene carefully, spread roots in the hole and water thoroughly after planting.
Irrigation:Young apple trees need regular watering in dry spells. For bearing trees, avoid stress at flowering and during fruit swelling; but do not over-irrigate heavy soils.
Fertigation:Under drip, feed small amounts of nitrogen early in the season, and more potassium as fruits develop. Avoid very heavy nitrogen close to harvest to keep fruits firm.
Pest scouting:Inspect trees often for aphids, caterpillars, fruit borers and leaf spots. Check young shoots, the underside of leaves and developing fruits.
Pruning:Train Apple (tufaha) to a strong central leader or open-centre with 3–4 main branches. Prune each year to remove crossing, dead or diseased wood and to open the canopy for light and air.
Harvest:Harvest when fruits have reached full size and colour for the variety, and seeds inside have turned brown. Fruits should detach easily when lifted and twisted.
Postharvest:Pick carefully into padded crates, do not drop fruits. Keep in shade, cool them if possible and avoid rough handling during transport to maintain shelf life.
Nutrient schedule (mbolea kwa hatua)
#
Stage
DAP
Product
Rate
Targets (kg/ha)
Notes
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
1
Basal at planting
0
Well-rotted manure + P fertilizer (e.g., DAP or TSP)
15 kg/tree manure + 150 g P fertilizer
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Thoroughly mix manure and P with topsoil in the planting hole for Apple (tufaha).
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
2
Early growth topdress
120
CAN 26% N
150 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Apply in a ring under the canopy edge and lightly incorporate.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
3
Pre-flowering feed
365
Balanced NPK (e.g., 17-17-17)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Applied at the start of rainy season before flowering.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
4
Fruit development high K
420
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
250 g/tree
N: 0,
P₂O₅: 0,
K₂O: 0
Improves Apple (tufaha) fruit size, colour and storage life.
Nutrient requirements
Nutrient
Stage
Amount
Unit
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
N
Establishment
30
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Establishment
30
kg/ha
K₂O
Establishment
30
kg/ha
N
Vegetative
50
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Vegetative
20
kg/ha
K₂O
Vegetative
40
kg/ha
N
Bearing_maintenance
60
kg/ha
P₂O₅
Bearing_maintenance
25
kg/ha
K₂O
Bearing_maintenance
80
kg/ha
Field images (picha shambani)
Apple imported image
Primary
Apple imported image
Apple imported image
Name
Country
Maturity
Traits
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Anna
KE
150
Low-chill variety suited to warmer highlands; early bearing with crisp fruit.
Top Red / Red Delicious–type
KE
170
Red-skinned apples for fresh eating; needs cooler sites.
Golden Dorset / similar
TZ
150
Yellow-skinned, sweet dessert apple suitable for some warmer highland zones.
Stage
Product
Rate (kg/ha)
Notes
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Basal (at planting)
Well-rotted farmyard manure
10000
Incorporated in planting holes and along future root zone.
Young trees
CAN 26% N
60
Split into 2–3 small applications per year to encourage early growth.
Bearing trees base feed
NPK 17-17-17 or similar
200
Applied annually, often at start of rains.
Fruit quality
High-K fertilizer (e.g., SOP or 12-12-24)
80
Supports good colour and firm fruits.
Name
Type
Symptoms
Management
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
Aphids
pest
Clusters of soft insects on young shoots and leaves, curling leaves and sticky honeydew with sooty mould.
Encourage natural enemies, prune heavily infested shoots and use selective insecticides or soaps when numbers are high.
Fruit borers / codling moth–type caterpillars
pest
Entry holes and tunnels inside fruits, frass and premature fruit drop.
Collect and destroy infested fruits, maintain orchard hygiene and use recommended control products and traps where avail...
Mites
pest
Bronzed or yellowed leaves, fine webbing and reduced vigour.
Avoid dusty conditions, keep trees healthy and use specific miticides or biopesticides when needed.
Apple scab–like leaf and fruit spots
disease
Dark, scabby spots on leaves and fruits, fruits may crack or deform.
Prune for airflow, remove infected leaves and fruit, and apply fungicides/biopesticides during wet periods when disease...
Powdery mildew
disease
White powdery growth on young leaves and shoots, distorted leaves and poor fruit set.
Prune out infected shoots, avoid excessive nitrogen and spray with suitable fungicides or sulphur where needed.
Cankers and dieback
disease
Sunken, cracked areas on branches and trunk, with dieback of twigs.
Cut out cankers in dry weather, disinfect tools and avoid wounding the bark.
System
Typical
Min
Max
Notes
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Scattered homestead Apple (tufaha) trees
8
5
12
Few trees with limited pruning and fertilizer.
Managed smallholder apple orchard
20
10
30
Regular pruning, manuring/fertilizer and basic pest and disease control.
Intensive high-density apple orchard
40
25
50
Improved rootstocks, drip irrigation, fertigation and strong canopy management.
Country
Region
Planting
Harvest
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
KE
Central and Rift Valley highlands (Apple belt)
Cooler rainy season, often at the onset of long rains.
Late cool season and early dry season, depending on variety and altitude.
TZ
Northern and southern highlands with cool nights
Onset of main rainy season.
Late dry season or cool months after rains.
UG
High altitude apple-growing pockets
Start of rains in cool highland sites.
Once or twice per year depending on variety and management.
Country
Region
Suitability
KE
Central and upper Rift Valley highlands (cool apple zones)
High
TZ
Northern and southern highlands above about 1500 m
